Variables are used to store value for various uses. The variable can contain different types of data. C++ provides different data types through which a variable can be created and used to store the data of that type in it.
Note: Assumption is made that user/reader will be using 32bit machine for learning C++
Variable Type:
Quick Notes on variables:
Operators:
There are basically two types of operators available. They are unary operator and binary operator.
Precedence Operator Meaning
1 + (unary) Effectively does nothing
1 - (unary) Returns the negative of its argument
2 ++ (unary) Increment
2 -- (unary) Decrement
3 * (binary) Multiplication
3 / (binary) Division
3 % (binary) Modulo
4 + (binary) Addition
4 - (binary) Subtraction
5 =, *=,%=,+=,-= (special) Assignment types
Quick Notes on Operators:
Logical Operators:
Logical operators are very much used in C++, then are
Operator Meaning
== Equality;
!= Inequality;
>, < Greater than, less than;
>=, <= Greater than or equal to, less than or equal to;
&& AND;
|| OR;
! NOT;
Bitwise logical operators:
The bitwise logical operators operate on their arguments at the bit level. Operations that work on numbers one bit at a time, hence the term bit-wise operators.
Operator Function
~ NOT
& AND
| OR
^ XOR
Special Characters:
There are various special characters that are available for C plus plus language which are be used along with string or character variables.
Note: Assumption is made that user/reader will be using 32bit machine for learning C++
‘\n’ newline
‘\t’ tab
‘\0’ null
‘\\’ backslash
Quick Notes for Special Characters:
Note: Assumption is made that user/reader will be using 32bit machine for learning C++
Variable Type:
- int
- unsigned int
- long
- unsigned long
- float
- double
- char
- string
- bool
- When assigning a large data type to a smaller data type, there will data lose.
- Converting a larger value type into a smaller value type is called demotion,
- whereas converting values in the opposite direction is known as promotion.
- Mixed-mode expressions are not a good idea. Avoid forcing C++ to do your
conversions for you. - You can declare a variable simply unsigned. The int is implied.
- You can declare a variable and initialize it in the same statement:
- A STRING variable is nothing but a array of characters.
- CONSTANT is a number of character that doesn't change.You can prefix the constant word before each data type
- true is different from "true" in C++, the later one is a string and the first one is a bool value. But TRUE has no meaning. Weird :).
- A float variable supports about 6 digits of accuracy .
- A double supports 13 digits of accuracy .
Operators:
There are basically two types of operators available. They are unary operator and binary operator.
Precedence Operator Meaning
1 + (unary) Effectively does nothing
1 - (unary) Returns the negative of its argument
2 ++ (unary) Increment
2 -- (unary) Decrement
3 * (binary) Multiplication
3 / (binary) Division
3 % (binary) Modulo
4 + (binary) Addition
4 - (binary) Subtraction
5 =, *=,%=,+=,-= (special) Assignment types
Quick Notes on Operators:
- The modulus operator (%) works much like division, except it produces the remainder after division instead of the quotient.
- The minus operator changes the sign of its argument. Positive numbers become negative and vice versa.
- Increment and Decrement operators can be prefix or post-fix
- Post fix (i++) assign the value and then increments the variable.
- Prefix (++i) increments the value and then assigns to a variable.
Logical Operators:
Logical operators are very much used in C++, then are
Operator Meaning
== Equality;
!= Inequality;
>, < Greater than, less than;
>=, <= Greater than or equal to, less than or equal to;
&& AND;
|| OR;
! NOT;
Bitwise logical operators:
The bitwise logical operators operate on their arguments at the bit level. Operations that work on numbers one bit at a time, hence the term bit-wise operators.
Operator Function
~ NOT
& AND
| OR
^ XOR
Special Characters:
There are various special characters that are available for C plus plus language which are be used along with string or character variables.
Note: Assumption is made that user/reader will be using 32bit machine for learning C++
‘\n’ newline
‘\t’ tab
‘\0’ null
‘\\’ backslash
Quick Notes for Special Characters:
- Paths in C++ are represented in C++ string as C:\\FolderA\\File.
- The special value endl inserts a newline.
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