Variable, Special Chanracters and Operators in C++ Language

Variables are used to store value for various uses. The variable can contain different types of data. C++ provides different data types through which a variable can be created and used to store the data of that type in it.

Note: Assumption is made that user/reader will be using 32bit machine for learning C++

Variable Type:

• int
• unsigned int
• long
• unsigned long
• float
• double
• char
• string
• bool

Quick Notes on variables:

• When assigning a large data type to a smaller data type, there will data lose.
• Converting a larger value type into a smaller value type is called demotion,
• whereas converting values in the opposite direction is known as promotion.
• Mixed-mode expressions are not a good idea. Avoid forcing C++ to do your
  conversions for you.
• You can declare a variable simply unsigned. The int is implied.
• You can declare a variable and initialize it in the same statement:
• A STRING variable is nothing but a array of characters.  
• CONSTANT is a number of character that doesn't change.You can prefix the constant word before each data type
• true is different from "true" in C++, the later one is a string and the first one is a bool value. But TRUE has no meaning. Weird :).
• A float variable supports about 6 digits of accuracy .
• A double supports 13 digits of accuracy .

Operators:
There are basically two types of operators available. They are unary operator and binary operator.

Precedence      Operator         Meaning
1                     + (unary)         Effectively does nothing
1                     - (unary)         Returns the negative of its argument
2                     ++ (unary)         Increment
2                     -- (unary)         Decrement
3                     * (binary)         Multiplication
3                     / (binary)         Division
3                     % (binary)         Modulo
4                     + (binary)         Addition
4                     - (binary)         Subtraction
5                     =, *=,%=,+=,-=     (special) Assignment types

Quick Notes on Operators:

• The modulus operator (%) works much like division, except it produces the remainder after division instead of the quotient.
• The minus operator changes the sign of its argument. Positive numbers become negative and vice versa.
• Increment and Decrement operators can be prefix or post-fix
• Post fix (i++) assign the value and then increments the variable. 
• Prefix (++i) increments the value and then assigns to a variable. 

Logical Operators:
Logical operators are very much used in C++, then are

Operator                 Meaning
==                         Equality;
!=                          Inequality;
>, <                       Greater than, less than;
>=, <=                  Greater than or equal to, less than or equal to;
&&                       AND;
||                            OR;
!                            NOT;


Bitwise logical operators:
The bitwise logical operators operate on their arguments at the bit level. Operations that work on numbers one bit at a time, hence the term bit-wise operators.

Operator       Function
~                     NOT
&                    AND
|                      OR
^                     XOR


Special Characters:
There are various special characters that are available for C plus plus language which are be used along with string or character variables.

Note: Assumption is made that user/reader will be using 32bit machine for learning C++

‘\n’ newline
‘\t’ tab
‘\0’ null
‘\\’ backslash

Quick Notes for Special Characters:

• Paths in C++ are represented in C++ string as C:\\FolderA\\File.
• The special value endl inserts a newline.

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About Varuna

I am Electronics and Communication Engineer. Having 5 years of IT experience in a PSU and MNCs companies. I have been working on projects which use C, C++, HTML5, JavaScript, JQuery, AngularJS and QT as programming language both in Windows and Linux. I want to learn new things and also share things which i learn through this blog.

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